Product Origin
Liraglutide was developed by the Danish multinational pharmaceutical company Novo Nordisk. In the 1990s, scientists discovered that while natural human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) could effectively lower blood sugar, it was easily degraded by enzymes in the body, with a half-life of only 2 minutes, making it difficult to drug. To overcome this challenge, Novo Nordisk's research team spent several years working on key molecular structural modifications of natural GLP-1 using recombination technology: replacing lysine with arginine at position 34 and attaching a C16 fatty acid side chain to lysine at position 26. This ingenious "acylation modification" allows it to reversibly bind to albumin in the blood, significantly extending its half-life to approximately 13 hours. In 2010, liraglutide (trade name: Victoza) was first approved in the United States for the treatment of type 2 diabetes; in 2014, a higher dose of liraglutide (trade name: Saxenda) was approved for chronic weight management, becoming the world's first weight-loss injection.
Key Parameters
Generic Name: Liraglutide Injection
Drug Type: Human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog (97% homology with human GLP-1)
Molecular Formula: C172H265N43O51
Molecular Weight: Approximately 3751.2 Da
Half-Life: Approximately 13 hours (supports 24-hour continuous action)
Common Specifications: Pre-filled injection pen, typically 3ml:18mg
Key Functions
Liraglutide activates GLP-1 receptors in multiple tissues and organs throughout the body, forming a "smart regulatory network":
Dual Pancreatic Regulation (Smart Glucose Lowering): In a glucose concentration-dependent manner, it promotes insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells when blood glucose rises, while simultaneously inhibiting glucagon secretion from pancreatic α cells; when blood glucose returns to normal, the effect automatically weakens, therefore the risk of hypoglycemia when used alone is extremely low.
Digestive System Regulation: Significantly slows gastric emptying, increases satiety signals in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby reducing postprandial blood glucose fluctuations and decreasing appetite.
Central Appetite Suppression: Acts directly on the appetite regulation center in the hypothalamus, inhibiting hunger neurons, enhancing satiety, and reducing calorie intake at its source.
Cardiovascular Protection: Improves vascular endothelial function and lowers systolic blood pressure. It has been proven to significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Core Advantages: Superior Overall Metabolic Benefits: Liraglutide not only effectively lowers glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c reduction of up to 0.8%-1.5%), but also delivers significant weight loss (average weight loss of 5%-10%) and improves metabolic indicators such as blood lipids and blood pressure.
Clear Long-Lasting Effect and Safety: Its albumin-binding properties achieved through fatty acid side chains make it the first GLP-1 drug to achieve once-daily dosing, greatly improving patient adherence. Its low immunogenicity design ensures safety for long-term use.
Reducing cardiovascular event risk: It is one of the few glucose-lowering drugs with clear evidence of benefit from cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOT), providing additional life protection for patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Applicable scenarios: Type 2 diabetes mellitus control in adults: Suitable for adult patients whose blood glucose is still poorly controlled after the maximum tolerated dose of metformin or sulfonylureas alone. It can be used as monotherapy or in combination with other glucose-lowering drugs.
Reducing cardiovascular risk: Specifically designed to reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in adult patients with type 2 diabetes who have been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease.
Chronic weight management: As an adjunct to a low-calorie diet and increased exercise, it is suitable for adult patients requiring long-term weight management. Specific eligibility criteria are: initial body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m² (obese); or BMI ≥ 27 kg/m² (overweight) with at least one weight-related comorbidity (such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or dyslipidemia).
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